Title IX Essays - Gender Equality, Sexism, , Term Papers

Title IX A Brief Overview of Title IX and how it effects both Men and Women Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 is the ?Federal law which prohibits sex discrimination against the students and employees of any educational agency that receives Federal financial assistance?(Mathews I-1). From June 23, 1972 all the way up until today, there has been a constant struggle as to what gender?equality actually is. Title IX has had a profound effect on both male and female students on college campuses all across the country, because as it gives one group of students opportunities, it, in a sense, is responsible for stealing away those same opportunities from another group of students. There may be an attempt to achieve equality in college athletics based solely on gender, but this attempt may actually be creating inequality especially in regard to the number of athletic opportunities, which are available for student-athletes. The effects of Title IX on male student athletes are very noticeable in that in order to create an equal number of scholarship opportunities for women, men may have to give up their scholarships. An example of this is the lawsuit of Tom Caruso v. University of Arkansas-Fayetteville on May 27, 1993 (Curtis 6). Mr. Caruso was a member of the Universities' diving team, and their decision to discontinue the diving program in an effort to comply with the Title IX guidelines, was definitely unfair to him. Another example of inequality where male athletes are concerned is the decision that the Southeastern Conference made in 1995 that has required each of its member institutions to provide a minimum of two more women's sports than men's sports (Curtis 2). By requiring there to be two more women's sports than men's sports, men are losing out on two additional opportunities to participate in intercollegiate athletics. Many colleges and universities are doing away with non-revenue generating men's sports such as tennis, soccer, and track in an effort to find the additional funds to support the extra women's sports. The female student athlete population can definitely feel the effects and benefits of Title IX as well. There are women's sports programs seemingly popping up every day. Schools that basically ignored female athletics in the past are now offering women's gymnastics, golf, volleyball, water polo, etc. Every single female sport that is being added is not only providing opportunities for the women as athletes right now, but also the opportunities to be involved in their specific sport when their playing career is over. Whether they look for positions as coaches, athletic trainers, or administrators, opportunities are definitely on the horizon whereas before, they had a very limited future in regards to the number of positions available, and due to the ?lack of parity between male and female salaries in those positions? (Kovacs 16). Women may have more of a variety of sports to choose to participate in now, but the total number of scholarship opportunities is still way below the opportunities given to the men. Also, there are quite a few institutions that are ?dragging their feet? when it comes to compliance with Title IX. The promise of more opportunities is out there, but it seems to take a while for those promises to materialize. A huge myth that has circulated from the beginning of the Title IX struggles is that football programs will become extinct if girls and women are given the opportunity to play sports. Unfortunately, the gender equity debate has boiled down to the myth that girls are not as interested in playing sports as boys. And even if they are, the male-dominated sports society doesn't want to add more sports teams for girls, because they are in fear that this will cause them to lose their favorite college football team. The myth that women's volleyball or track will cause football an untimely death is absurd. If for no other apparent reason, football is the ?cash cow? at most universities and without the money that football programs bring into the athletics department budgets, not many other sports could survive. All that women want is the opportunity to play sports, not the opportunity to take sports away from men. By giving women the opportunity to participate in college athletics, men are having opportunities taken away from them. If you want girls softball and gymnastics, then we are going to have to take away your boys lacrosse team. The girls shouldn't really be blamed here, because all they want is an opportunity to participate, just like the men have done for decades. Women

How Will A Social Media Management App Save You Tons of Time

How Will A Social Media Management App Save You Tons of Time Have you ever tried manually scheduling social media content? We’d be willing to bet you have. If not by choice, then by necessity. Sure, using  Word docs and spreadsheet-based calendars to create and schedule posts works. Manual calendars and templates make it easier to know what and when you’ll post. They’re certainly better than not using any sort of tool at all. They’re not necessarily ideal, though. They require a lot of copying and pasting. It’s also difficult to prevent human error when you’re moving content from one document directly into your social networks. So, if you’re like most marketers or content creators, you’ve probably tried using various social media tools to save time and get your content under control. There’s a big market out there, and a lot of them even work pretty well. However, few bring all the features you need into one app. And that’s what we think sets apart. How Will A Social Media Management App Save You Tons of Time?Create and Schedule Social Posts With One Tool Write your posts in a Word doc or a spreadsheet. Hand them off to someone else to review or edit. Copy and paste them into a spreadsheet-based calendar. That’s the old-school way of doing things. It’s a simple and time-tested workflow, but like we explained before, it isn’t perfect. That’s what makes ’s social post creation and scheduling features such a lifesaver. With the content calendar app, it’s easy to write posts, add images, and get them scheduled across most popular social networks, including: Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Pinterest Instagram Google+ Tumblr Instead of logging into multiple different services, you can sign into one and have everything you need to get started right at your fingertips. See All Your Social Posts on One Calendar Social media posts don’t exist in a vacuum. You probably have multiple campaigns and promotions scheduled at the same time. There are probably some one-off posts here and there, too. Once you have your posts created and scheduled, makes it easy to see them all in one place. Not only that, but you can also see all your social posts in relation to the rest of the content you have planned. It gives you easy access to a high-level overview of everything you’ve got going on. Bring Your Blog + Social Promotion Together If you’re investing time into writing awesome blog posts, you’re probably giving them some attention on social media. However, if you’re only sharing each post once (or maybe twice), you’re probably not getting all the shares and traffic you could be. Fortunately, makes it easy to schedule multiple posts to promote your content. Once you’ve written your blog post and scheduled it to publish, you can also create and schedule your corresponding social media posts. Collaborate on Cohesive Social Media Campaigns Having one place to collaborate, create, and schedule social campaigns makes life a lot easier. With the Social Campaigns feature in , you can create and schedule a standalone social media campaign. Your campaigns can focus on one platform, or multiple networks, too. Create and add a Task Template, and you can also create a reusable checklist so you don’t miss any important steps when creating campaigns. Built-in comments make it easy to communicate with your team and keep all your notes related to the project together in one place. No more digging through messaging systems to track down past communication. Quickly Access Your Post Performance Data We’re going to guess you’re not just sharing posts and then forgetting about them. Rather, you’re likely looking at your social media data and making sure your posts are connecting with your audience. That’s why we built Social Engagement Reports directly into . They make it quick and simple to measure your post’s performance within the app. Automate Social Scheduling and Effortlessly Reshare Evergreen Content If you’ve created social posts your audience super loves, you’ll probably want to share them again. ReQueue in makes it simple to reshare posts automatically at intervals you specify. You can also put messages into groups so you can organize posts to reshare into categories. Stop Feeling Stressed About Social Media Management So far, we’ve walked through a lot of cool features. But, what does this all mean for your workflow? First and foremost, one of the biggest benefits customers report is how much time they save. By bringing your entire social media marketing operation into one place, you can work more efficiently and effectively. By automating tedious manual scheduling, you can cut hours out of your work week, and spend your time creating better content instead of just copying and pasting. Cut hours out of your work week. Automate social media marketing with @:Unless you really love copying and pasting, that sounds like a way better option to us. And we’d know. We use our own product for every social message and piece of content we publish. The results speak for themselves. And That’s Just Scratching the Surface We’ve covered a lot of things you can do with . There’s a lot more to know, though, and the best way to get a feel for it is to use it yourself. Fortunately, we offer a free 14-day trial that gives you full access to everything our software can do. It’s powerful, but also flexible enough to customize and adapt to how you work. And if you run into questions, we’ve got a dedicated team ready to help you succeed. Give it a spin for free and see how much you can get done.

East European Jews Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

East European Jews - Essay Example They were greeted with hostility the moment they landed in New Amsterdam. The government of the day also treated them with contempt and denied them religious freedom as is evident from Governor Peter Stuyvesant’s view that â€Å"If we grant liberties to the Jews, we will have to grant them also to the Lutherans and the Papists† (Kampelman 586). It was indeed a long and hard struggle for the community to gain basic rights. â€Å"What shall we do with these rejected and condemned people, the Jews?† (Noble) Surprisingly, these were the words of Martin Luther King Jr., the champion of the civil rights movement and an iconic figure in American history. In his speech, he goes on to propose- â€Å"synagogues should be burned to the ground; their houses destroyed; their prayer books seized; their rabbis forbidden to teach on pain of death †¦ they should be prevented from traveling in the countryside and their wealth confiscated †¦ the young and strong should be forced to do menial work in order to prevent them feasting and farting †¦ we should toss out these rogues by the seat of their pants† (Noble) Across the Atlantic, the Nazis did not miss this propaganda opportunity. Hitler mentions in Mein Kampf that Luther is a â€Å"great historical protagonist† and someone he admired greatly. Irrespective of his real intentions, Martin Luther offered in his writings a historical and intellectual justification for the Holocaust, which the Nazis took pains to exploit† (Noble). The attacks in West Hartford, Connecticut and New York City stand out among numerous other occurrences in the 1980’s. There was a series of such incidents leaving behind burnt synagogues, destitute families and shattered livelihoods. The expressway shootout was another example of such pattern of events where Yeshiva students and other Jews, descendents of East European Jews, were targeted in 4 such shootouts during a 3 month period (Time 18). The disappointing fact about anti-Semitism in America

To what extent do advertisements reinforce female gender stereotypes Essay

To what extent do advertisements reinforce female gender stereotypes - Essay Example This "To what extent do advertisements reinforce female gender stereotypes?" essay outlines the image of women gender in the ads. The historic stereotyping of women was based on portraying this gender as weak, shy, beautiful, caring, sensitive and quiet individuals. They were shown as beauty objects with high respect. Most of the pictures used for advertisements were of plain, expressionless faces with graceful but least exposing dressing. Those advertisements were based on the idea that women are objects that must be looked at but not listened to. However, in recent years, such depiction of women is inexistent. Women are now portrayed as bold, sexy, stylish and strong. Most of the advertisements capture them facing the camera with no expression of shyness or confusion on their faces. A number of advertisements have also shown a remarkable change in women appearance by portraying women adopting male behaviors, dressing, hairstyle and other traits. Redken advertisement is an example o f such a portrayal where the female model has kept the hairstyle same as the male model. This has further changed the way women are viewed as in the world. Here it can be said that the women by advertisements are portraying an image in which they are shown more strong and manly. Through these advertisements it is stereotyped that women can compete with men in any given field and has worked towards their image in the world. These type of advertisements would also allow the female counterparts to realize how strong and important they are in the world.

Hazardous Material Management and Hazard Communication Essay - 14

Hazardous Material Management and Hazard Communication - Essay Example Whereas when yellow is used in the background color it is an indication of warning signs and school signs. And at the same time orange is used in background to indicate construction and maintenance warnings. However, where orange is used in the warning signs  fluorescent red- orange or fluorescent yellow-orange colors  may be used (Osha.gov, 2015). This is because these shades of orange provide higher conspicuity than the standard shade of orange especially at twilight (Osha.gov, 2015). Conclusively it can be said that these colors also have an automatic indication in the minds of the people. Red color immediately catches attention and indicates that something is wrong (Osha.gov, 2015). Yellow on the other hand is a light color and is also used in a similar way, guiding people who are on their way to school and ignored by others (Osha.gov, 2015). Whereas orange also helps in grabbing attention but does not alerts the audience, however indicates that the service is currently not available due to construction or maintenance in progress (Osha.gov,

Deep-sea Anglerfish Reproduction

Deep-sea Anglerfish Reproduction Natures Example of a Total Reduction in the Role of Males: A Review on Deep-sea Anglerfish Reproduction Introduction The Deep Ocean Waters that cover ocean basins constitute the largest living space on earth. This immense environment is home to the largest animal communities on the planet-largest in terms of biomass, numbers of individuals, and area extent (Robison, 2004). Despite its obvious significance to the biosphere, the oceans deep interior remains an unexplored frontier. Although physical and chemical properties of oceanic water vary greatly within the upper kilometer, at greater depths these properties remain relatively constant (Robison, 2004). The deep pelagic habitat is a vast volume of cold, dark water where food is scarce and bioluminescence is the principal source of light and communication. Physical Appearance Anglerfish belong to the order Lophiiformes. Named after their unique mode of predation, in which they use a fleshy outgrowth sprouting from the middle of their head to attract prey, much like a fishing lure. This act is similar to the act of angling, thus the name anglerfish. Deep sea anglerfish has a vicious appearance; however they are not too big in size. They have earned the name common black devil due to their unsightly features. They have a large mouth with sharp, fang-like teeth. They can reach to about 12cm in length (Bora, 2010). Their bodies are globular and they are not adapted for sustained rapid swimming, these are designed for remaining motionless most of the time (different reference). Their body color ranges from dark gray, brown, or black. Their skin reflects blue light, which helps them remain invisible to other deep sea creatures, as most of them emit blue light. Their bodies are fragile and have no scales. In fact, their thin skin can slip off their bodies whenever touched by human hands when they are retrieved from deep sea nets. Their muscles are flabby and they have weak skeletons. Their C-shaped gill slits are very small and are placed below the pectorals (different reference). The eyes of the deep sea anglerfish are too small. They possess one or more long filaments that spring from the center of its head. These so-called filaments are modified spines of the anterior dorsal fin. The longest filament is usually the first spine, or the illicium, which protrudes above the eyes and terminates in an irregular mass of flesh at the tip of the spine, the esca. This filament, which serves as a lure, can be moved back and forth (Bora, 2010). Predation In the deep ocean, food is rare and unpredictable compared to the more reliably available food in the open water. Thus, deep sea animals develop certain strategies to find food and ways of eating whatever food they may encounter with as little effort as possible. Most of the deep sea animals prefer to wait for the arrival of their prey or food particles rather than searching actively for them. Moreover, most of these animals are not selective in their diet and cope up with amazingly large prey (Bora, 2010). Female anglerfish are the classic lurk-and-lure predators. They have a huge mouth and their teeth are large compared to their body size. They rely on their luminous lure to attract their prey instead of searching actively for them. Moreover, these animals can accommodate very large prey through their expandable jaws, which can open up twice as wide, and elastic stomach, which allows them to eat any prey available (Bora, 2010). Their most amazing feature is their bioluminescent lure. The lure of deep sea anglerfish are more elaborate compared to shallow water species, since these are used to attract prey in the dark. These lures are modified dorsal fins and bioluminescence is caused by bacteria, which produce a bluish, greenish light (Bora, 2010). The light and movement of the lure attract the prey to within reach of the gaping jaws. The anglerfish Cryptopsaras can slide the rod part of the apparatus back into a groove, drawing the lure and prey closer to the mouth. It can rotate the lure tip and produce a flash from it as well as a glow. All this is controlled by enzymes and the contraction of chromatophores. These lures have sensory filaments, papillae, light pipes, and shutters. The lures of deep sea anglerfishes are extraordinary elaborate, with sensory filaments, papillae, light pipes and shutters. It may be that different species mimic different kinds of small prey like shrimps to attract larger prey. One anglerfish (Caulophryne) has a lure ornamented with many filaments but it is not luminous. An other (Linophryne) has not only a luminous lure on the head but also a multibranched barbel hanging from the lower jay. The barbel filaments contain many more bioluminescent organs. Some position their lure inside their mouths. Some deep sea anglerfish have positioned their lure inside the mouth. The wolftrapangler Thaumatichthys axeli is a sit-and-wait ambush predator with a luminescent lure hanging from the roof of his overshot mouth, which is fringed with hooked sharp teeth. This anglerfish hovers just above the substrate (not sitting on it). To attract in prey, it waves its lure back and forth till the prey comes closer to its mouth. There is a specialized spine attached to the lure, which can be moved in any direction. When the prey touches the mouth, the esca, which is connected with the mouth reflex, causes the anglerfish to instantly snap the prey with its powerful jaw and swallow it. Moreover, the teeth of the prey are bent inwards so as to prevent the prey from escaping once it enters the mouth. They can take in prey twice their size due to their thin and flexible bones causing the jaw and stomach to extend to an incredible size (Singha, 2010). Reproductive biology Sexual Dimorphism Sexual dimorphism describes animals where there is a physical difference between males and females of the same species (BBC). In most species the female deep sea anglerfish is much larger than the male anglerfish, actually they are real dwarfs compared with their mate. For example the largest females of the genus Gigantactis grow to 40cm in length, whereas the largest males only grow to 2cm. Unlike their sluggish partners they have muscular bodies for active swimming. For many years fish biologists were very confused by these differences and misidentified male and female anglers as completely different species (Zubi, 2010). Sexual Maturity The male deep sea anglerfish mature sexually soon after reaching metamorphosis, in females it takes a much longer time (Zubi, 2010). Extremely young parasitized females of Cryptopsaras couesii indicate that females of this species are able to elicit a search response in a conspecific male, as well as provide cues for specific identification by the male at a very early age (Pietsch, 2005). Sexual Parasitism In sexual parasitism, the dwarfed males become permanently attached to much larger females. This is a remarkable mode of reproduction unique to some members of the deep sea anglerfish suborder Ceratioidei (Pietsch, 2005). There is no mechanism that prevents additional males from becoming attached to a previously parasitized female, but Linoohryne (and perhaps Caulophryne), in which multiple attachments have so far not been found, might be a nexception to this rule. Multiple attachment is rare in Ceratias and Borophryne (only a single record of two males in each case), but common in Cryptopsaras and Haplophtyne, which are known to have as many as eight and six males, respectively (Pietsch, 2005). Males are almost invariably attached upside down and facing forward with respect to the female, and almost always on the ventral midline of the belly of the female, somewhat anterior to the anus; exceptions include those of Cryptopsaras, Haplophryne, and Photocorynus, which may be found almost anywhere on the head and body, and oriented in any direction (Pietsch, 2005). Six of the seven known parasitically attached males of Neoceratias spinifer lack openings to the pharynx leading to the gills and opercular openings, which are present in the area of attachment of nearly all previously described examples of attached males (exceptions include several attached males of Haplophryne mollis). The gills of these Neoceratias males, however, are as well developed as those of free-living males of other ceratioid families, indicating that sufficient oxygen is probably not available via the blood of the female and that this gas is extracted by water that is pumped in and out through the opercular openings (Pietsch, 2005). A dual mechanism for mate location and speciesspecific selection probably functions in most ceratioids, in which both eyes and olfactory structures of the freeliving males are well developed, but it is highly unlikely to function in the ceratiid genera Ceratias and Cryptopsaras, in which the nostrils are surprisingly small and undeveloped, and in Centrophryne and the gigantactinid genera Gigantactis and Rhynchactis, in which the eyes are very much reduced. The mechanism by which males of Neoceratias (in which the eyes and nostrils are especially small and degenerate) find females (which apparently lack bioluminescent structures) remains a mystery (Pietsch, 2005). Modes of Reproduction Temporary nonparasitic: Melanocetus johnsonii and Melanocetus murrayi Males of the Melanocetidae, Himantolophidae, Diceratiidae, Gigantactinidae, and several of the better known oneirodid genera (for example, Oneirodes, Microlophichthys, Dolopichthys, Chaenophryne, and Lophodolos, each now known from well over 50 females), probably never become parasitic. Spawning and fertilization may take place during a temporary sexual attachment that does not involve fusion of male and female tissues (Pietsch, 2005). The parasitic mode of reproduction is apparently obligatory in Ceratias, Cryptopsaras, Borophryne, Haplophryne, and Linophryne, and, although sufficient data are lacking to say for certain, probably in Neoceratias as well. Males of those taxa in which sexual parasitism is obligatory apparently never mature unless they are in parasitic association with a female, and, likewise, females never become gravid until stimulated by the permanent parasitic attachment of a male. That sexual maturity is determined not by size or age in these fishes, but by parasitic sexual association, may well be unique among animals (Pietsch, 2005). Among those taxa in which parasitism seems to be obligatory, the number of parasitized females in collections around the world is surprisingly small compared to the total number of known specimens: about 6% in Cryptopsaras, 11% in Ceratias, 16% in Photocorynus, 33% in Haplophryne, and 40% in Borophryne (Pietsch, 2005). Sexual parasitism is probably facultative in Caulophryne and in the oneirodid genera Bertella and Leptacanthichthys (Pietsch, 2005). The remaining ceratioid families, Thaumatichthyidae and Centrophrynidae, are still so poorly known that little can now be concluded concerning their mode of reproduction (Pietsch, 2005). Reproductive Cycle The deep sea is a vast area and with a small number of animals spread thinly in such an area, it can be difficult to find a mate. Thus, deep sea anglerfish have devised a way through the process of evolution, to continue the propagation of their species through sexual parasitism (Zubi, 2010). Once a male anglerfish is born it directly searches out for a female. Male anglerfish probably do not feed due to the lack of a bioluminescent lure. Instead their eyes and olfactory organs are large (Zubi, 2010). Once the male anglerfish finds a female, he will attach himself to her body usually by biting her belly. Once attached, the teeth and jaws draw back and the skin and blood systems of the male and female merge. Now the male becomes a parasite to the female, not needing to find food for him. Thus, the intestine regress and the only important organ within the male is his large testis. This time the female has a guaranteed supply of sperms while the male relies on the female for food and living (?). It is the female who probably controls the sperm delivery via her hormones, therefore, it is connected with the moment she ejects her eggs from her body. The fertilized eggs contain large oil droplets for buoyancy for floating to the surface of the ocean (Zubi, 2010). As soon as the male detects the presence of a female in his vicinity, he bites or latches onto her with his sharp teeth. Thereafter, the male releases an enzyme that works to digest the body of the female and the skin of the males mouth. Overtime, this process goes on to a physical fusion of the pair down to the blood-vessel level. Then begins the process of the male undergoing atrophy or degeneration. Meaning, the male starts losing his digestive organs, its brain, heart, eyes and all other internal organs, until he is left only with his pair of testicles. These testicles are used to release sperm in response to the females hormones indicating egg release. In this way, about 6 male angler fishes can be borne by a single female, throughout its life time, providing her a lifetime supply of sperm for fertilization (Singha, 2010). The female anglerfish can carry up to six males on her body. This bizarre method of reproduction makes sure that when the female is ready to spawn, she does not have to look for the male, as he is already available. After fertilization, the female lay the eggs in a thin sheet of transparent gelatinous material, which can be 2 to3 feet wide and about 25 to 30 feet long. This sheet with the eggs floats in the sea, till the eggs hatch into larvae. The larvae usually feed on the surface of the sea, until they mature (Bora, 2010).

Can Officers Effectively Prosecute Domestic Violence Cases Without Vict

When prosecuting criminal domestic violence cases too many officers constructed their entire case only on statements made by the victim. However, â€Å"victims of domestic violence are more likely than victims of other violent crime to recant or refuse to cooperate in prosecutorial efforts† (Breitenbach, 2008, p. 1256). Officers must consider that victims of domestic violence may refuse to testify because of fear of retaliation, intimidation, financial dependence, emotional attachment, and/or because they reunited with the batterer. If the victim refused to testify during court, their statement against the abuser becomes hearsay evidence. Several recent cases have had a huge influence on how those statements and hearsay evidence may be utilized in court without the victim’s testimony. In 2004, the Supreme Court ruled on the case of Crawford v Washington and found that testimonial assertions were not exceptions to the hearsay rule (Breitenbach, 2008). Since the purpose of a testimonial statement was to prove and/or establish facts in a case, the defendant had a right to cross examination of that testimony. This right was termed the Confrontation Clause. Due to the confusion created by the Crawford standard, the Supreme Court provided more parameters in Davis v Washington in June 2006 (Ewing, 2007). Davis established victim accounts as either testimonial or non-testimonial. The courts also believed this included statements taken during the course of an interrogation conducted by law enforcement. If the declarations were acquired by law enforcement to determine an ongoing emergency then they were identified by the court as non-testimonial and not subject to the requirements of the Confrontation Clause. If the statements we... ...ion of the victim. Works Cited Breitenbach, K. G. (2008, Fall). Battling the threat: the successful prosecution of domestic violence after Davis v. Washington. Albany Law Review, 71(4), 1255+. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA200252467&v=2.1&u=chazsu_main&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w Byrom, C. E. (2005). The Use of the Excited Utterance Hearsay Exception in the Prosecution of Domestic Violence Cases After Crawford v. Washington. Review Of Litigation, 24(2), 409-428. Ellison, L. L. (2002). Prosecuting Domestic Violence without Victim Participation. Modern Law Review, 65(6), 834-858. Ewing, D. (2007). Prosecuting Batterers in the Wake of Davis and Hammon. American Journal Of Criminal Law, 35(1), 91-106. Pence, E. & Paymar, M. (2001). Domestic violence: The law enforcement response. Minneapolis, MN: Law Enforcement Resource Center.